Cold treatment of steel consists of exposing the ferrous material to subzero temperatures to either impart or enhance specific conditions or properties of the material. Increased strength, greater dimensional or microstructural stability, improved wear resistance, and relief of residual stress are among the benefits of the cold treatment of steel.

Cryogenic treatment, also referred to as deep cryogenic treatment (DCT), is a distinct process that uses extreme cold to modify the performance of materials.